The almost random distribution of microsatellites and their high level of polymorphism greatly facilitated the construction of genetic maps and enabled subsequent positional cloning of several genes. A comprehensive genetic map of the human genome based on 5264 microsatellites and a genetic map of the mouse genome based on 4006 simple sequence length polymorphisms were constructed with these markers.
When a trait or disease is inherited through a family and all of the affected members in the family also share a STR that is inherited together, it can be concluded that the disease and marker must be close to each other on a chromosome.
This linkage is the first step in the isolation of disease-causing genes and their localization to an area of DNA. Linkage disequilibrium scanning of the human genome with many thousands of genetic markers has been used to map complex diseases such as schizophrenia and autistic disorder.
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